Remember, chapter and verse divisions were not added to the Bible until the 1700’s. Most of the time I think those divisions were well placed but sometimes they got them a bit off. Sometimes those divisions were made where the translator left off work for the night, which can be pretty random.
The beginning of 14 is just a continuation of the end of 13 here. We are still discussing the punishment of Babylon.
1 For the LORD will have mercy on Jacob, and will yet choose Israel, and set them in their own land: and the strangers shall be joined with them, and they shall cleave to the house of Jacob.
Israel/Judah will return to their homeland, and even become a place people like to immigrate to.
2 And the people shall take them, and bring them to their place: and the house of Israel shall possess them in the land of the LORD for servants and handmaids: and they shall take them captives, whose captives they were; and they shall rule over their oppressors.
The Jews will do better than the Babylonians.
3 And it shall come to pass in the day that the LORD shall give thee rest from thy sorrow, and from thy fear, and from the hard bondage wherein thou wast made to serve,
4 That thou shalt take up this proverb against the king of Babylon, and say, “How hath the oppressor ceased! The golden city ceased!”
The Jews will mock the Babylonians. (Babylon here is a Chaldee word in the original, likely the word the Babylonians used to refer to themselves.),
5 The LORD hath broken the staff of the wicked, and the scepter of the rulers.
This is the Jews celebrating because Babylon has fallen.
6 He who smote the people in wrath with a continual stroke, he that ruled the nations in anger, is persecuted, and none hindereth.
7 The whole earth is at rest, and is quiet: they break forth into singing.
8 Yea, the fir trees rejoice at thee, and the cedars of Lebanon, saying, “Since thou art laid down, no feller is come up against us.”
9 Hell from beneath is moved for thee to meet thee at thy coming: it stirreth up the dead for thee, even all the chief ones of the earth; it hath raised up from their thrones all the kings of the nations.
10 All they shall speak and say unto thee, Art thou also become weak as we? Art thou become like unto us?
11 Thy pomp is brought down to the grave, and the noise of thy viols: the worm is spread under thee, and the worms cover thee.
12 How art thou fallen from heaven, O Lucifer, son of the morning! How art thou cut down to the ground, which didst weaken the nations!
There is nowhere in the Bible that says Lucifer is Satan, nor that Satan was a beautiful angel cast out of Heaven.
The “cast out” story comes from pagan legends. You find it a frequent theme in pagan countries’ god-stories. In the 1400’s John Milton wrote an epic poem named “Paradise Lost,” where he combined this pagan myth with certain Bible scriptures. But a close examination tells us this “Lucifer” is the very human king of Babylon. There is absolutly no indication we have changed subjects anywhere in this chapter.
13 For thou hast said in thine heart, “I will ascend into heaven, I will exalt my throne above the stars of God: I will sit also upon the mount of the congregation, in the sides of the north:
Lucifer (the king or kings of Babylon) thought themselves "all that."
14 “I will ascend above the heights of the clouds; I will be like the most High.”
He had a real God-complex. Many ancient kings did.
15 Yet thou shalt be brought down to hell, to the sides of the pit.
God caused Nebuchadnezzar to spend time totally insane until he acknowledged God and the one true God.
16 They that see thee shall narrowly look upon thee, and consider thee, saying, “Is this the man that made the earth to tremble, that did shake kingdoms;
17 “That made the world as a wilderness, and destroyed the cities thereof; that opened not the house of his prisoners?”
Nebby grazed in the fields with the cattle.
God doesn’t care what the numbers say. If He wants you destroyed, you will be destroyed.
18 All the kings of the nations, even all of them, lie in glory, every one in his own house.
19 But thou art cast out of thy grave like an abominable branch, and as the raiment of those that are slain, thrust through with a sword, that go down to the stones of the pit; as a carcass trodden under feet.
20 Thou shalt not be joined with them in burial, because thou hast destroyed thy land, and slain thy people: the seed of evildoers shall never be renowned.
21 Prepare slaughter for his children for the iniquity of their fathers; that they do not rise, nor possess the land, nor fill the face of the world with cities.
22 For I will rise up against them, saith the LORD of hosts, and cut off from Babylon the name, and remnant, and son, and nephew, saith the LORD.
God will destroy the entire royal family of Babylon.
23 I will also make it a possession for the bittern, and pools of water: and I will sweep it with the besom of destruction, saith the LORD of hosts.
The location of this ancient city is nothing but a swamp today.
24 The LORD of hosts hath sworn, saying, Surely as I have thought, so shall it come to pass; and as I have purposed, so shall it stand:
25 That I will break the Assyrian in My land, and upon My mountains tread him under foot: then shall his yoke depart from off them, and his burden depart from off their shoulders.
God will remove the oppression and threat of the Assyrian.
26 This is the purpose that is purposed upon the whole earth: and this is the hand that is stretched out upon all the nations.
27 For the LORD of hosts hath purposed, and who shall disannul it? And His hand is stretched out, and who shall turn it back?
28 In the year that king Ahaz died was this burden.
Isaiah received this prophecy the year Judah’s king Ahaz died.
29 Rejoice not thou, whole Palestina, because the rod of him that smote thee is broken: for out of the serpent's root shall come forth a cockatrice, and his fruit shall be a fiery flying serpent.
Judah was ruling Palestine (the Philistines?) at this time and Palestine was happy Ahaz had died?
A cockatrice is a very poisonous snake.
30 And the firstborn of the poor shall feed, and the needy shall lie down in safety: and I will kill thy root with famine, and he shall slay thy remnant.
God will take care of Judah, but destroy the Philistines
31 Howl, O gate; cry, O city; thou, whole Palestina, art dissolved: for there shall come from the north a smoke, and none shall be alone in his appointed times.
Both Assyria and Babylon attacked from the north.
32 What shall one then answer the messengers of the nation? That the LORD hath founded Zion, and the poor of his people shall trust in it.